2024-03-29T10:56:08Z
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=1720
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
Simply citizenship is represented by rights and duties that constitution of the state secured, among which is the right to participate in the political, social, economic, mass media, cultural life… etc, and this right leads to achieve collective decisions towards public interest. The society here is characterized by equality before the law and confessing the priority of the acquired individual rights; while democracy is a system among a society's systems in one of its forms. In other word it is a governmental, social and a way of living within the least amount of coercive force, as such it expressive in looking after good for its people.
External factor in citizenship
citizenship
impact of external factor
2009
01
01
13
32
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_28444_6df6609533b2ba3b1aee83c22771af12.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
The problem of identity has a significance in political development, because the efforts that are extended to solve it aim at constituting the political construction of the society.
Undoubtedly, the consequences of the American occupation to Iraq in b2003 showed a situation seems in appearance an incorporation of Iraq society constituents which the occupation dedicated coercively.
But the fact is an the contrary. The pluralism that the Iraqi society is practicing is not a negative situation or unique among countries of the world. Therefore, the political sector in Iraq is demanded to believe pluralism, and preserve rights and identities without any distinction, and give apriority to national interest.
Iraqi national identity
creating of national identity
problem of building Iraqi identity
2009
01
01
33
59
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_28453_5c3a2977d5818cd966130f3432a1c3c8.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
Iraq lives in a serious and sensitive regional environment during history and represented in the external forces' desires influence extension inside Iraq the external influence increase after the occupation,.. An international.. The search division occurred in the context this perspective took the first axis to two basic axis: the relation between the homeland... The citizenship... The nationalism.... The citizen.. The second axis: boundaries. We cannot get out of these challenges, we are experiencing only through full citizenship rights and duties in seeking to develop national scene and fortify the national unity and safeguarding of all the risks and challenges, have been discharged research with a set of recommendations, which is almost among many of the recommendations made in several studies, the most important
exit of occupiers from the country. 2 - to be (citizenship) a source of the rights of duties members of the Iraqi society without discrimination. 3- that the State shall promote opportunities for economic and social growth, scientific and cultural fields to Iraqis.
External factor in citizenship
citizenship
impact of external factor
2009
01
01
60
91
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_28839_3a71b30eae2b425dd55e793eff0b078f.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
Since the USA occupation Iraq in 2003, ‘‘sectarianism’’ has retained its overall negative connotations in the Iraq .The problem with this sort of approach is that most Iraqis want sectarianism to go away rather than become enshrined in their political system. The long lines of history suggest that sectarian citizenship is simply not desired by Iraqis.
concept of citizenship
citizenship
mechanisms to promote citizenship
2009
01
01
92
115
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_28854_292e9be154e326ddb532718b994beeb9.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
There are increasing interest in the modern concept of economic development which implied the transfer of the community from underdevelopment (which expressed in the form of restrictions on the freedom and choices range of the people ) to a situation of interest in the insurance of political and civilized rights, along with the insurance of economic, social, and cultural rights. This mean of economic development is located in the heart of citizenship rights.
Better governance is one of the important channels which concentrate economic development based on citizenship rights.
The research is an attempt to analyze the controversial relation relationship between economic development in its contemporary concept as a citizenship rights and the aspect of governance. the main questions this research attempt to answer are:
1. what is the feature of governance in Iraq and what is its role in achieve economic development?
2. is the performance in economic development promote citizenship rights in Iraq?
The research provide evidence that poor governance in Iraq was reflected on economic indicators. Like increase unemployment, poverty, disequilibrium in income distribution, regression in human development indicators, and growth of corruption
ruling establishment
citizenship
economic development and role of ruling establishment
2009
01
01
117
154
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_28862_64e7db99672a0cebe70fd8e56d672b57.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
A view at the future to maximizing the role of citizenship and give it a wide thought to open the doors of innovation and progress in the political systems, which it dominated by civil liberties in public life as a practical matter.
1-To enable the citizens of the state in the area and escort at all levels to know how the decision-makers think, to be sure of their commitment to the interests of society and its citizens to peaceful change.
2-The real sense of citizenship towards self-accountability and the fight against bureaucracy, corruption and bribery in the administrative and financial areas, and through the correct path and make the opportunities and privileges of nation-building responsibility, by everyone, each according to his expertise.
That citizenship is not a citizen held as a formal link, but it is strong relation of belonging and loyalty to land, as well as the social ties that community meet the requirements for development to achieve such a rule to fulfill the security and stability according self-determination.
Citizenship
sustainable development
citizenship and sustainable development
2009
01
01
155
185
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_28885_a0234e8885c36491c24895e8a470442b.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
It is hardly to find in today's world a region or a society not included or ruled by a state administer its affairs and legislate appropriate orders to that organize relations between its individuals. Therefore, the case of belongingness for any person in this world to any country is a general obligatory condition that organizes relations between individuals.
The connection that makes this belongingness between the individual and the state is called (Nationality). This nationality is associated with a number of interchangeable rights and duties between the state and the individuals in some new democracies to an extent that promoted the prestige of an individual from a subject to a citizen.
The ideal direction that connects between citizenship. And that in the states that do not adopt democratic regime, especially the dictatorial ones, the political and legal stand of individuals is weak, they do not have the same rights that citizens in democratic countries live within.
Belonging and citizenship
citizenship in legal thinking
citizenship in political thought
2009
01
01
186
216
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_28895_b355be50a8cbff0ecd8e7bda29ce801e.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
It is an accepted fact that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights had largely been patterned after the rights embodied in the US Constitution. As the Universal Declaration was only formally promulgated in the 20th century, its authors had naturally tried to improve on the 18th century American principles. Conversely, the influence of the Universal Declaration on American jurisprudence may be observed in movements towards the eradication of race discrimination, as well as the granting of right of suffrage to all citizens.
Human rights in U
Constitution
constitution and human rights
2009
01
01
217
229
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_28903_5f17e76cfdfe7a489155323e473b5e74.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
Citizenship is one of the most important ideas, used by states to justify imposing taxes towards people, on the base of common sharing public costs, in the same time gives the right to states in collecting taxes over its people and other persons on its region.
Principle of citizenship
Tax Legislation
2009
01
01
230
256
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_28910_b1dcbf0bbcf433719daa10853d42b3b3.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
Human rights is a recent term for a fact accompanied human being since Almighty Allah's creation. It was paid attention from Divine Religions, different intellectual and philosophical trends, and it got a special sacredness in our present era especially by International Organizations. So these rights were documented in scripts, declarations and jurisprudences in different new political systems. But Islamic Sharia still has the priority in emphasizing these rights and achieving justice in its various forms which deals with an individual, society and state, and right was the foundation of Islamic System.
Human rights in Islam are characterized by inclusiveness, generality and sticking to public interest. Islamic Sharia imposes that a right owner is allowed to use that right within the admitted limits and not to go far in his behavior and violate others' rights and public interest.
human rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Islamic law
2009
01
01
257
299
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_28937_ff42e4add4d4b1eca18201a55a999471.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
Arab Intellectuals and educators si0nce the age of renaissance in the second half of 19th century have known the importance of history and the human need to study history in order to build the society culturally and knowing the cultural history. In Iraq since the establishment of its modern state, important attempts have risen aiming at presenting history by scientific and national approach which helps in developing the trend towards nation loyalty and its unity. This will help in understanding this approach
Citizenship
Iraq
2009
01
01
301
314
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_28954_365dad32229f8819e4a7336de4462784.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
Historic experiences have resulted in various meanings for citizenship in
ideology and in practice. According to historians, these meanings varied being
near or far from the contemporary concept of citizenship. Even in the
contemporary history the results of citizenship concept were varied according to
ideological, political, and social streams which cannot be read, understood, or
criticized away from the surrounding circumstances or away from time and place
with all their political, economic, social, ideological, and educational dimensions.
Then sound authentication for the concept of citizenship as a result for one
simple thought cannot be done. Citizenship has raised and grew under numerous
thought schools varied in their theories, beliefs, and even in the circumstances of
their establishment on the local, national, and international levels.
Since the issue of citizenship is regarded as an essential axis in the modern
democratic theory and practice, then determining its dimensions and the way it
should be practiced sprout from the way this regime or that gives citizenship
rights for all, besides the level of citizen's awareness and their adherence to do
Citizenship
historic rooting
2009
01
01
315
340
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_28973_7b7616a4e3a26d1ba34c9ab1e098547e.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
There is a serious inside challenge in the Iraqi society today, if the contradiction between the trends of political and social thought continue to enhance the narrow cultural and social belongingness which result in nothing but denial, exclusiveness, margining and neglecting the other the matter which represent a part of the problem and an other part of it is the solution.
If the abolition of citizenship grew the religious and ethnic problem, we would see that activating the principle of citizenship and rooting its concept in the Iraqi public awareness make to create mechanisms in the real life confront wasting national resources then closing the huge gap which was created by the years of occupation with all its resources and manifestations. And, differences and variability would constitute the factors of establishing a united homeland representing from all what the concept of citizenship means, beside the rights and liberties resulting from that concept assured by Iraqi constitution since establishing the state of Iraq.
Through the current study we found a clear difference in the subject of rights and liberties between Iraqi constitutions since 1921 up to 2005 which tried to insure these rights and liberties.
Iraqi constitutions
rights and freedoms in Iraq
2009
01
01
341
394
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_29029_b042ec6f5964466869ce0d774438790b.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
Citizenship is a practice whereby people are able to participate in shaping their societies. It implies not only rights and responsibilities, but also interaction and influence within the community. Gendered exclusion hinges on a particular understanding of what is termed the “public/private divide". This divide sees women’s gender roles and responsibilities as lying in the family, caring and childrearing, and men’s gender roles as being to do with decision-making, formal politics, economics and the workplace. This division of roles and labour is important for understanding citizenship, which traditionally saw men as the holders of citizenship rights on account of their position in the public arena. Men were seen as political agents, and women as being under their protection. Women and their concerns were outside the realms of citizenship, and their roles, though contributing to society, were not valued as worthy of membership in terms of decision-making and public activity.
Arab women
citizenship
2009
01
01
395
411
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_29041_0b9e5cae44191102f176ce185be7bdb1.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
The paper deals with three pivots:
The first is the global dimension of communications which emerged when Havas established his agency in 1832, other mass media stayed within the local zone till the 80s of the last century, when it witnessed a global trend in many press sectors such as written press, TV programs, and information banks especially after the incorporation of communications, computer programs, networks and the emergence of internet.
The second: the emergence of the culture of new feudalism, where the allied powers, which conformed after the incorporation, to constitute a homogeneous world within consumption ideology and in a new culture depends on economic powers and technology. This new culture aims at finding a new homogeneous world incorporates all peoples into a universal space can be connected by networks of the new technological mass media through which trading, industrial and cultural are achieved.
The third: the true current state of mass media in the world which indicates that all mass media establishments are owned by giant industrial incorporations that control the economic forces in north industrial countries. These blocs monopolize the cultural, mass media, information technology and technical production, and take a very good care of their interest on the expense of truth and peoples' issues.
Citizenship
media technology
2009
01
01
413
434
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_29069_cb908cdaaccbce5442da03a3b87da2fb.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
The occupation of Iraq and the collapse of its nation resulted in many changes on the levels of state of Iraq and its political construction which are represented in the regime , the form of establishing the following national state in addition to the effectiveness and the position of private organizations and political parties in the political life.
Given these changes; the researcher faces many essential questions, among which are the following: What are the general characteristics of the Iraqi state after the collapse? What is the nature of the private organizations and the political trends that rise the Iraqi state? Did those changes affect the concept of citizenship in Iraq?
In a concentrated vision we try to follow up the provoked problems by general subjects can be enriched and developed depending on crystallizing the main features needed for developing the Iraqi social– political state
occupation of Iraq
2009
01
01
453
473
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_29061_133cfc631ea3efea687afbfadbaaa70f.pdf
مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة
RSJ
1813-4610
1813-4610
2009
6
13
We discusses the “ethnic paradigm” that currently prevails in analyses of Iraqi history and politics. While acknowledging the strong forces associated with ethnic and sectarian loyalties in the country, we points to three important indicators of the surviving Iraqi nationalist sentiment that cut across these ethno-sectarian categories. It highlights the misfit between Western approaches to Iraqi politics and indigenous Iraqi political thinking on ethnicity and sectarianism, and pays special attention to the implications for the debates about Iraqi unite.
Iraq
notion of identity
2009
01
01
475
493
https://regs.mosuljournals.com/article_29078_13fbd6d614f3744eb9f12abfb0b520fd.pdf